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Epithets of Jupiter
The numerous epithets of Jupiter indicate the importance and variety of the god's cult in ancient Roman religion.
==Capitoline cult==
Jupiter's most ancient attested forms of cult are those of the state. The most important of his sanctuaries in Rome were located on the Capitoline Hill ''(Mons Capitolinus)'', earlier ''Tarpeius''. The Mount had two peaks, each devoted to acts of cult related to Jupiter. The northern and higher peak was the citadel ''(arx).'' On the ''arx'' was located the observation place of the augurs (the ''auguraculum)'', to which the monthly procession of the ''sacra Idulia'' was directed.〔Wissowa p. 108 citing Varro LL V 47and Festus p. 290 M. s.v. Idulia.〕 On the southern peak was the most ancient sanctuary of the god, traditionally said to have been built by Romulus: this was the shrine of ''Iuppiter Feretrius'', which was restored by Augustus. The god here had no image and was represented by the sacred flintstone (''silex'').〔Wissowa p. 108 citing Paulus p. 92 M.; Servius ''Ad Aeneidem'' VIII 641.〕 The most ancient known rites, those of the ''spolia opima'' and of the fetials, connect Jupiter with Mars and Quirinus, and are dedicated to ''Iuppiter Feretrius'' or ''Iuppiter Lapis''.〔Wissowa p. 108 citing Festus p. 189 M. s.v. lapis; Polybius ''Historiae'' III 25, 6. According to Wissowa and Dumézil, ''Iuppiter Lapis'' seems to be inseparable from ''Iuppiter Feretrius'', in whose tiny shrine on the Capitol the ''silex'' was lodged.〕 From this earliest period, the concept of the sky god encompassed the ethical and political domain.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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